Summary Unit 1 and Unit 2

Last week, I didn't came to class, because I have at the same time another course, really serious.
I'm trying to make the work that my friend says-me just when the class finished.

Last week he told me that in classroom you were commenting about the different forms to make a good translations and the different translation techniques.

A List
- Borrowing, that means to taking words straight into another language.
- Calque, this is a literal translation at phrase level.
- Literal Translation, like "El equipo está trabajando para acabar el informe" - "The team is working to finish the report".
- Transposition, mechanical proces whereby parts of speech.
- Modulation, this consists of using a phrase that is different in the source and target languages to convey the same idea.
- Reformulation, to express something in a completely different way, not exactly but, using other words.
- Adaptation, here something specific to the source language culture.
- Compensation, it can be used where something cannot be translated from source to target language, and the meaning that is lost in the immediate translation is expressed somewhere else in the TT.

Terminology

Terminology is a polysemous word that can refer to:
- a collection of terms belonging to a special subject field,
- an activity, i.e. the set of practices and methods used for the collection, description and presentation of terms,
- a theory, i.e. the set of premieses, arguments and conclusions required for explaining the relationships between concepts and terms which are fundamental for a coherent activity of collecting, describing and presenting terms.

Two perspectives:

Concept-oriented perspective, a group of concepts of a specialized area and their associated signs.
Term-oriented, the items which are characterized by special reference within a discipline, are the terms of that discipline, and the collectively they form its 'terminology'.

Terminology plays an important role in many different fields such as standardization, translation, technical documentation, and software localization.

There are three basics concepts in terminology:
- Object: any part of the perceivable or conceivable world
- Concept: a unit of thought constituted thought abstraction on the basis of properties common to a set objects. The semantic content of a concept can be re-expressed by a combination of other and different concepts, which may vary from one language or culture to another.
- Term: designation of a defined concept in a special language by a linguistic expression.

Term structure:

Terms can have different types of structures.

Simple terms: Terms consisting of only one stem with or without affixes.
Abbreviated terms: Abbreviations, initialises and acronyms.
Complex terms: terms consisting of two or more stems with or without other term elements
Compound terms: Complex terms in which elements have a fixed position within the terms as a whole but are no linked by morphological devices.
Types:
Combining existing text materials
Derivation, by adding suffixes or prefixes
Creation of simple terms
Creation of complex terms
Creation of short forms
Adoption of terms from a different language
Adoption of terms from a different subject field

Homonymy and Polysemy:

Homonymy: identical terms representing different concepts have differents etymological origins
Polysemous: When a term gets several meaning