Last week, I didn't came to class, because I have at the same time another course, really serious.
I'm trying to make the work that my friend says-me just when the class finished.
Last week he told me that in classroom you were commenting about the different forms to make a good translations and the different translation techniques.
A List
- Borrowing, that means to taking words straight into another language.
- Calque, this is a literal translation at phrase level.
- Literal Translation, like "El equipo está trabajando para acabar el informe" - "The team is working to finish the report".
- Transposition, mechanical proces whereby parts of speech.
- Modulation, this consists of using a phrase that is different in the source and target languages to convey the same idea.
- Reformulation, to express something in a completely different way, not exactly but, using other words.
- Adaptation, here something specific to the source language culture.
- Compensation, it can be used where something cannot be translated from source to target language, and the meaning that is lost in the immediate translation is expressed somewhere else in the TT.
Terminology
Terminology is a polysemous word that can refer to:
- a collection of terms belonging to a special subject field,
- an activity, i.e. the set of practices and methods used for the collection, description and presentation of terms,
- a theory, i.e. the set of premieses, arguments and conclusions required for explaining the relationships between concepts and terms which are fundamental for a coherent activity of collecting, describing and presenting terms.
Two perspectives:
Concept-oriented perspective, a group of concepts of a specialized area and their associated signs.
Term-oriented, the items which are characterized by special reference within a discipline, are the terms of that discipline, and the collectively they form its 'terminology'.
Terminology plays an important role in many different fields such as standardization, translation, technical documentation, and software localization.
There are three basics concepts in terminology:
- Object: any part of the perceivable or conceivable world
- Concept: a unit of thought constituted thought abstraction on the basis of properties common to a set objects. The semantic content of a concept can be re-expressed by a combination of other and different concepts, which may vary from one language or culture to another.
- Term: designation of a defined concept in a special language by a linguistic expression.
Term structure:
Terms can have different types of structures.
Simple terms: Terms consisting of only one stem with or without affixes.
Abbreviated terms: Abbreviations, initialises and acronyms.
Complex terms: terms consisting of two or more stems with or without other term elements
Compound terms: Complex terms in which elements have a fixed position within the terms as a whole but are no linked by morphological devices.
Types:
Combining existing text materials
Derivation, by adding suffixes or prefixes
Creation of simple terms
Creation of complex terms
Creation of short forms
Adoption of terms from a different language
Adoption of terms from a different subject field
Homonymy and Polysemy:
Homonymy: identical terms representing different concepts have differents etymological origins
Polysemous: When a term gets several meaning
viernes, 27 de febrero de 2009
miércoles, 11 de febrero de 2009
Technical Text 1: Español
A lo largo de los años, las pantallas de los portatiles, televisiones, móviles y así sucesivamente se han convertido en mas nítidas, grandes y finas. Las pantallas tienden a ser todavia mas finas, pero con un nuevo enfoque. Usando componentes más flexibles, estas pantallas también podran ser plegables. Algunas podrian incluso para enrollarlas y meterlas en tu bolsillo como una pieza de papel electronico. Estas hojas finas de plastico podrian mostrar palabras y imagenes; un libro; tal vez; o un periodico, o una revista. Y ahora parece ser que produciran en masa al igual que hacen con el papel que ellos emulan.
El crucial desarrollo tecnológico que ha sucedido recientemente con las pantallas flexibles en el Centro universitario del estado de Arizona. Usando un proceso litografico de una novela inventada por los laboratorios de HP, la sucursal de investigacion de HP, y una tinta electrónica producida por E Ink, una empresa de ---- del Instituto de Tecnologia, el centro pionero de investigación de impresion en pantallas flexibles en largos rollos de plastico especial de pelicula realizado por DuponT. Para realizar las pantallas, la película está impresa en trozos como folios de revistas o periodicos así ser reduciria de un impreso de papel.
El resultado "electroforetico" serian pantallas ligeras que consumen solo una parte de la potencia de una típica pantalla de cristal líquido (LCD). Su primer uso, es probable que sea para el ejército americano, que ayudó a pagar el proyecto. Se supone que los soldados podrán hacer uso de las pantallas de mapas electrónicos y recibir información. La idea es que las pantallas flexibles se reemplazen por algunos de los bultosos dispositivos que los soldados tienen que allastrar donde sea. Si esto funciona, el pequeño comercio atrae. Las primeras pruebas para la version del consumidor podran empezar en pocos años.
El crucial desarrollo tecnológico que ha sucedido recientemente con las pantallas flexibles en el Centro universitario del estado de Arizona. Usando un proceso litografico de una novela inventada por los laboratorios de HP, la sucursal de investigacion de HP, y una tinta electrónica producida por E Ink, una empresa de ---- del Instituto de Tecnologia, el centro pionero de investigación de impresion en pantallas flexibles en largos rollos de plastico especial de pelicula realizado por DuponT. Para realizar las pantallas, la película está impresa en trozos como folios de revistas o periodicos así ser reduciria de un impreso de papel.
El resultado "electroforetico" serian pantallas ligeras que consumen solo una parte de la potencia de una típica pantalla de cristal líquido (LCD). Su primer uso, es probable que sea para el ejército americano, que ayudó a pagar el proyecto. Se supone que los soldados podrán hacer uso de las pantallas de mapas electrónicos y recibir información. La idea es que las pantallas flexibles se reemplazen por algunos de los bultosos dispositivos que los soldados tienen que allastrar donde sea. Si esto funciona, el pequeño comercio atrae. Las primeras pruebas para la version del consumidor podran empezar en pocos años.
Technical Text 1: English
Technical Text 1: English to Spanish
Electronic screens as thin as paper are coming soon
OVER the years, the screens on laptops, televisions, mobile phones and so on have got sharper, wider and thinner. They are about to get thinner still, but with a new twist. By using flexible components, these screens will also become bendy. Some could even be rolled up and slipped into your pocket like a piece of electronic paper. These thin sheets of plastic will be able to display words and images; a book, perhaps, or a newspaper or a magazine. And now it looks as if they might be mass produced in much the same way as the printed paper they are emulating.
The crucial technological development happened recently at the Flexible Display Centre at Arizona State University. Using a novel lithographic process invented by HP Labs, the research arm of Hewlett-Packard, and an electronic ink produced by E Ink, a company spun out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the centre’s researchers succeeded in printing flexible displays onto long rolls of a special plastic film made by DuPont. To make individual screens, the printed film is sliced up into sections rather as folios for magazines or newspapers would be cut from a printed web of paper.
The resulting “electrophoretic” screens are lightweight and consume only a fraction of the power of a typical liquid-crystal display (LCD). Their first use is likely to be by the American army, which helped pay for the project. It hopes its soldiers will be able to use the screens as electronic maps and to receive information. The idea is that the flexible screens will replace some of the bulky devices that soldiers now have to lug around. If that works, the retail market beckons. The first trials of consumer versions could begin within a few years.
Electronic screens as thin as paper are coming soon
OVER the years, the screens on laptops, televisions, mobile phones and so on have got sharper, wider and thinner. They are about to get thinner still, but with a new twist. By using flexible components, these screens will also become bendy. Some could even be rolled up and slipped into your pocket like a piece of electronic paper. These thin sheets of plastic will be able to display words and images; a book, perhaps, or a newspaper or a magazine. And now it looks as if they might be mass produced in much the same way as the printed paper they are emulating.
The crucial technological development happened recently at the Flexible Display Centre at Arizona State University. Using a novel lithographic process invented by HP Labs, the research arm of Hewlett-Packard, and an electronic ink produced by E Ink, a company spun out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the centre’s researchers succeeded in printing flexible displays onto long rolls of a special plastic film made by DuPont. To make individual screens, the printed film is sliced up into sections rather as folios for magazines or newspapers would be cut from a printed web of paper.
The resulting “electrophoretic” screens are lightweight and consume only a fraction of the power of a typical liquid-crystal display (LCD). Their first use is likely to be by the American army, which helped pay for the project. It hopes its soldiers will be able to use the screens as electronic maps and to receive information. The idea is that the flexible screens will replace some of the bulky devices that soldiers now have to lug around. If that works, the retail market beckons. The first trials of consumer versions could begin within a few years.
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